HardemonJ+Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a common condition in which the thyroid gland produces to little thyroid hormone. The condition is normally inherited defect that alters the production of the thyroid hormone. Not enough of thyroid hormones can affect lots of different parts of the body. Hypothyroidism can affect people of any age and gender. It is, however, approximately 20 times more common in women than men, and is also more common in older people.
 * Hypothyroidism **
 * Description: **
 * Inheritance: **

In most cases, the cause of congenital hypothyroidism is not known. A few cases of inherited hypothyroidism are caused by mutations in the genes producing specific proteins (known as enzymes) that are required to make thyroid hormones. These mutations are inherited as autosomal recessive traits, the parents are unaffected, and the child is affected because the child receives a mutation from each parent. The parents have a one-in-four chance of having an affected child.

Fatigue, weakness, depression, hair loss, constipation and memory loss all are symptoms of Hypothyroidism
 * Symptoms: **

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 * Daily Life ** :

**Diagnosis: **

Blood tests check the levels of the thyroid hormones T4, T3, and TSH, among other related substances. If the TSH level in the blood is high, the abnormality is within the thyroid gland. A high TSH level suggests that the thyroid gland is not responding properly to the stimulating effect of the TSH on the thyroid gland. If the TSH level in the blood is low, the abnormality is within the brain or pituitary gland in the brain. It suggests that the pituitary is not releasing adequate amounts of TSH to stimulate the thyroid gland, despite levels of thyroid hormone low enough that it should do so. roughly 95% of cases represent problems in the thyroid gland. In about 5% of cases, the abnormality is found in the brain or in the pituitary gland, almost always the pituitary gland.If blood tests suggest that the problem is in the glands in the brain, imaging tests of the brain may be necessary. These include CT scans, which are advanced x-rays, and MRI scans, which use magnets to create images of the inner body.

**Treatment: ** Treatment for hypothyroidism is easy and inexpensive. Typically, levothyroxine (L-thyroxine) is prescribed, and the tablets should be given at least 30 minutes before a meal or infant feeding. The daily dose per body weight steadily decreases from early infancy to childhood to an adult dose in adolescence. Treatment must be individualized; the amount that is absorbed and handled by the body differs among individuals. Careful monitoring of blood tests (TSH and free T4 or T4) until the values are normal, and then annually after three years of age once the tests become normal, is essential for optimal management.

**Research:** Congenital hypothyroidism research is being focused on the mutations that cause the familial thyroid disorders, the cause(s) of the sporadic disease, and the effects of maternal hypothyroidism on the unborn child. There is considerable interest in discovering the mechanisms that cause autoimmune diseases, with a focus on autoimmune thyroid diseases, the occurrence of diabetes mellitus in specific families with autoimmune thyroid diseases, and an understanding of those antibodies that injure thyroid cells and other antibodies that bind to and block the TSH receptor.

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 * Additional Facts: **
 * The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front, lower part of the neck
 * About 13 million Americans have this condition and at least another 10 million more are undiagnosed.
 * This condition is often confused with depression, chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia.
 * Those who are hypothyroid are at a greater risk for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic pain disorders and autoimmune dysfunctions.


 * Punnett Square: **


 * Pedigree Chart: **



learn.genetics.utah.edu
 * Resources: **

ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=congenitalhypothyroidism

www.inheritedhealth.com

hypothyroidismdiet.net Pub Med Health